定語從句
The Attributive Clause
一、定義
在復(fù)合句中做定語，修飾名詞或者代詞的從句，由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，又稱為形容詞性定語從句，位于先行詞之后。
二、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1. 關(guān)系代詞
指人：who（主語、賓語），whom（賓語），that（主語，賓語），whose （定語）
指物：that（主語、賓語），which（主語、賓語）whose（定語）
2. 關(guān)系副詞
Where, when, why,how，相當(dāng)于介詞+which
三、分類
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
1限制性定語從句 restrictive attributive clause
是先行詞意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思不完整或者失去意義。從句與主句關(guān)系密切，不用逗號隔開。
The girl who wears a blue T-shirt is my little sister.
I like the sky that is blue.
2非限制性定語從句 non-restrictive attribute clause
和主句關(guān)系沒有那么緊密，如果去掉，主句意思任然很清楚，只是對先行詞的附加說明，這種從句，往往用逗號分開,引導(dǎo)詞常常是which, as.
Basketball,which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
She is from China,as I know from his accent.
As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
四、重難點(diǎn)
（一）如何確定是關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞？
A看定語從句中的主語、賓語成分是否都齊全。不缺成分用，根據(jù)先行詞選擇關(guān)系副詞。
I will never forget the days when I stayed with you.
She is the girl who is our English teacher.
B如果定語從句中缺賓語，看從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞或者不及物動詞：Vt,選關(guān)系代詞；Vi,選關(guān)系副詞。
I visit the place where(in which) he used to live.(live, Vi)
He is the boy who I care so much.(care, Vt)
C 如果定語從句中的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是被動語態(tài)，有主語，就選擇關(guān)系副詞。
Hangzhou is a beautiful place where flowers are seen all the year round.
（二）只能用that的情況
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時，
All that can be done has been done.
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,no, some, any, litttle,much修飾時
I’ve eat all the apple that you gave me.
3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級修飾時
He is the first one (that )spends so much time on me.
It is the best book (that)I’ve ever read.
4. 先行詞被the very, the last,the only修飾時
He is the very person that I want to meet.
The blue T-shirt is the only one I really like.
5. 當(dāng)有兩個或者兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，引導(dǎo)詞要用that
He talked about the people and places (that) he had visited.
6. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who,which,what時，定語從句用that
Who is the boy that you want to stay with?
What is in the bag that you want to give me?
7. 當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中做表語時，用that
He is not the man that he used to be.
（三）定語從句中as和which 的區(qū)別
1. 如果從句在主句后面，引導(dǎo)詞可以用as也可以為which
The earth is round, which/as we all know.
2. 如果從句放在主句之前，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as
As we all know, the earth is round.
3. 在the same...as, such...as, as...as, so...as中，一般用as
This is the same book as I told you a few days ago.
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